Mandatory HMO licensing
National licensing for HMOs with five or more occupiers.
2 min read · Updated 2 August 2026
Overview
A licence is required where a house in multiple occupation is occupied by five or more people forming two or more households and sharing an amenity. Licences last up to five years, carry conditions on amenities, safety and occupancy, and are issued by the council.
Legal requirements
- Operating an unlicensed licensable HMO is an offence carrying an unlimited fine or civil penalty up to £30,000.
- Tenants can apply for a rent repayment order of up to 12 months' rent.
Practical guidance
- Apply before letting — you cannot serve most possession notices while unlicensed.
This wiki entry is general information for UK landlords and letting agents, not legal advice. Rules differ across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland — check your local requirements or take advice before acting.