X (signing by mark)
How someone who cannot write can validly sign a tenancy.
2 min read · Updated 2 August 2026
Overview
Where a party cannot write, they may sign a tenancy or deed with a mark, traditionally an X, provided it is made with the intention of signing and is properly witnessed. The witness should record that the document was read over and understood before the mark was made.
Legal requirements
- A deed signed by mark must be witnessed and attested in the same way as a signature.
- Electronic signatures are also valid for tenancy agreements.
Practical guidance
- Note in the attestation that the contents were read to the signatory before the mark was made.
This wiki entry is general information for UK landlords and letting agents, not legal advice. Rules differ across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland — check your local requirements or take advice before acting.